Determinasi Input Sensorik dan Latihan Keseimbangan Terhadap Risiko Jatuh Lansia: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol4.Iss4.1988Kata Kunci:
Input sensorik, Lansia, Permukaan lantai, Studi literaturAbstrak
Latihan keseimbangan telah terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan risiko jatuh pada lansia, namun sebagian besar penelitian masih dilakukan di permukaan datar dan belum merepresentasikan kondisi lingkungan sehari-hari. Keterbatasan ini menimbulkan kesenjangan pengetahuan mengenai peran variasi permukaan lantai dan integrasi input sensorik terhadap kontrol postural lansia. Studi ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai pengaruh modifikasi permukaan lantai dan latihan keseimbangan terhadap stabilitas postural serta risiko jatuh pada lansia. Tinjauan pustaka sistematis telah dilakukan melalui PubMed, SAGE, Medline, dan ScienceDirect dengan rentang publikasi 2020–2025. Dari 3.914 artikel yang diidentifikasi, lima studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan PICO. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa latihan keseimbangan pada permukaan bervariasi meningkatkan stabilitas postural, adaptasi neuromuskular, dan menurunkan risiko jatuh secara signifikan. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada sintesis integratif antara faktor sensorik dan kondisi lingkungan nyata yang selama ini jarang dieksplorasi dalam konteks pencegahan jatuh. Secara praktis, temuan ini dapat menjadi dasar pengembangan strategi rehabilitasi berbasis input sensorik yang lebih kontekstual, aplikatif, dan relevan bagi kebutuhan lansia di komunitas.
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