Faktor-Faktor Penentu Double Burden of Malnutrition Pada Tingkat Rumah Tangga: Tinjauan Naratif Global
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol4.Iss4.2128Kata Kunci:
Double burden of malnutrition, Kurang gizi, Obesitas, Rumah tangga, StuntingAbstrak
Selama beberapa dekade terakhir, prevalensi kekurangan gizi menunjukkan penurunan, sementara angka overweight dan obesitas meningkat secara global, menghasilkan kondisi Double Burden of Malnutrition (DBM). Fenomena ini tidak hanya terjadi pada negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah, tetapi juga tidak jarang terjadi pada negara berpenghasilan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis data tentang faktor-faktor yang terkait dengan penentu DBM dalam tinjauan global. Metode penelitian adalah Narrative Review. Pencarian literature dilakukan pada database terindeks PubMed dan Google Scholar, dalam bahasa Inggris. Terdapat 18.000 artikel penelitian dan hanya 8 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Informasi tersebut dikumpulkan dengan rentang tahun 2020-2025, karakteristik studi, desain metodologis, populasi, intervensi, dan temuan utama terkait DBM di tingkat rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa faktor negara seperti perbedaan wilayah urban-rural dan tahap transisi ekonomi; faktor rumah tangga, termasuk keamanan pangan dan status sosial ekonomi; serta karakteristik ibu yang berhubungan dengan pendidikan dan tinggi badan. Temuan ini menekankan perlunya pendekatan multisektoral dalam pengendalian DBM. Intervensi tidak dapat dibatasi pada strategi berbasis gizi, tetapi memerlukan dukungan kebijakan publik serta penguatan literasi gizi pada ibu untuk meningkatkan efikasi diri ibu dalam pengambilan keputusan terkait makan sehat dan perilaku menyiapkan makanan dalam rumah tangga.
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