Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Dalam Meningkatkan Kesiapsiagaan Bencana: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol4.Iss1.1522Kata Kunci:
Kesiapsiagaan bencana, Pemberdayaan, Penyandang disabilitas, Systematic reviewAbstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas yang dapat meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan bencana, mengingat kelompok ini memiliki kerentanan tinggi terhadap risiko bencana. Studi ini menggunakan desain systematic review berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA. Artikel relevan dikumpulkan dari Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan PubMed menggunakan kata kunci berbahasa Inggris. Dari 1.503 artikel yang ditemukan, 15 artikel dipilih sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pemberdayaan sosial, berbasis komunitas, partisipatif, penguatan kapasitas, serta dukungan kebijakan dan sistem, secara signifikan meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan praktik kesiapsiagaan bencana. Jenis pemberdayaan efektif mencakup pelatihan kesiapsiagaan, pelibatan dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta akses informasi yang inklusif. Temuan ini bermanfaat secara praktis untuk mendorong pelibatan aktif penyandang disabilitas dalam perencanaan dan respons kebencanaan. Namun, tantangan seperti keterbatasan sumber daya, stigma sosial, dan lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektor masih menjadi hambatan. Implikasi kebijakan menunjukkan perlunya regulasi yang memperkuat kolaborasi multisektor dan menjamin aksesibilitas layanan. Strategi pemberdayaan yang inklusif dan berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan agar penyandang disabilitas menjadi aktor aktif dalam sistem manajemen bencana yang adil dan tangguh.
Referensi
Albizzia, O., Setyowati, Y., & Sakina, A. W. (2022). Pemberdayaan Difabel Siaga Bencana (Difagana) dalam Sistem Manajemen Bencana Inklusif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Islamic Management and Empowerment Journal, 4(1), 41–58. https://doi.org/10.18326/imej.v4i1.41-58
Alkahlout, O., & Aljomaa, N. (2023). People with Disabilities in Qatar: Empowerment, Aspirations, and Society’s Behaviour Influences. Indonesian Journal of Disabilities Studies, 10(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijds.2023.010.01
Andriana, Zulkarnain, Wulandari, I. Y., Arrazaq, F., & Rahman, S. A. (2024). Technology and Disability: Building Communication and Creating Opportunities? Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology , 62(1), 122–131. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.62.1.122131
Ayal, L. N., & Hudha, S. A. (2020). Kontribusi Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Risiko Bencana Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas. Jurnal Media Informasi Penelitian Kesejahteraan Sosial, 44(3), 279–288.
Cana, J., Cheng, D., Socorro, S. C. P. del, & Espeleta, K. Y. (2023). A Meta-Synthesis on the Experiences of Persons with Disabilities towards Disaster Preparedness. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology, 11(3), 870–880.
Chang, K. J., Villeneuve, M., Crawford, T., Yen, I., Howes, D. D., & Llewellyn, G. (2023). Disaster Preparedness, Capabilities, and Support Needs: The Lived Experience Perspectives of People with Disability. Disabilities, 3(4), 648–665. https://doi.org/10.3390/disabilities3040042
Correa, P., Arias, A., Toro, O. N., Diza, Y. O., & Puente, R. T. (2023). Benefits and development of assistive technologies for Deaf people’s communication: A systematic review. Frontiers in Education, 8(4), 1–10.
CRED. (2023). Heat-related Mortality in Europe during the Summer of 2022. Nature Medicine, 29(7), 1857–1866. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02419-z
Elisala, N., Turagabeci, A., Mohammadnezhad, M., & Mangum, T. (2020). Exploring persons with disabilities preparedness, perceptions and experiences of disasters in Tuvalu. PLoS ONE, 15(10 October). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241180
Gartrell, A., Calgaro, E., Goddard, G., & Saorath, N. (2020). Disaster experiences of women with disabilities: Barriers and opportunities for disability inclusive disaster risk reduction in Cambodia. Global Environmental Change, 64(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2020.102134
Griffin, J., Hipper, T., Chernak, E., Berhane, Z., Davis, R. K., Popek, L., Kurapati, P., Kim, J., & Turchi, R. (2024). A Virtual Home Preparedness Intervention Centered on Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs. Academic Pediatrics, 24(7), 1150–1160.
Gunarathna, I., & Premarathne, P. (2024). Sensitisation of Disaster Relief Operations Towards Persons with Disabilities. In Sustainable Development Goals Series: Vol. Part F3368 (pp. 51–68). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3234-0_4
Hamann, C., Mello, E., Wu, H., Yang, J., Waldron, D., & Ramirez, M. (2016). Disaster Preparedness in Rural Families of Children with Special Health Care Needs. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 10(2), 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.159
Istiarsyah, Kamarullah, Setiawan, R., & Dawi, A. H. (2023). Improving Disaster Preparedness Services for People with Disabilities. Journal of ICSAR, 7(2), 248. https://doi.org/10.17977/um005v7i22023p248
Jolly, S., Ahmad, N., & Scott, M. (2024). Climate-Related Human Mobility in Asia and the Pacific. United Nations.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2021). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Paket Pelayanan Awal Minimum (PPAM) Kesehatan Reproduksi Pada Krisis Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Kim, H., & Zakour, M. (2017). Disaster Preparedness among Older Adults: Social Support, Community Participation, and Demographic Characteristics. Journal of Social Service Research, 43(4), 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2017.1321081
Koon, L., Greiman, L., Schulz, J., Goddard, K., Nzuki, I., & Hall, J. (2022). Examining the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community engagement for people with mobility disabilities. Disability and Health Journal, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101212
Lee, H. C., & Chen, H. (2019). Implementing the Sendai Framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030: Disaster governance strategies for persons with disabilities in Taiwan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 41(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101284
Wahyuningroem, S. L., & Fitriyah, I. (2024). A Policy Study on Disability Inclusivity in National Disaster Management Studi Kebijakan tentang Inklusivitas Disabilitas dalam Manajemen Bencana Nasional. Jurnal Masalah-Masalah Sosial, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.46807/aspirasi.v15i1.2896
Narayan, S. (2022). Disabled Children in Disaster Management. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 7(5), 45–48. http://www.ijeast.com
Pahleviannur, M. R., Hizbaron, D. R., & Muta’ali, L. (2023). Spatial Distribution Analysis of Disaster-Vulnerable Groups in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Tunas Geografi, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.24114/tgeo.v12i2.53033
Pandey, D. (2023). Disability Inclusive Disaster Preparedness. International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management, 07(04). https://doi.org/10.55041/IJSREM18784
Pertiwi, P., Llewellyn, G., & Villeneuve, M. (2020). Disability representation in Indonesian disaster risk reduction regulatory frameworks. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 45(05). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101454
Rotenberg, S., Gatta, D. R., Wahedi, A., Loo, R., McFadden, E., & Ryan, S. (2022). Disability training for health workers: A global evidence synthesis. Disability and Health Journal, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2021.101260
Siregar, J. S., & Wibowo, A. (2019). Upaya Pengurangan Risiko Bencana Pada Kelompok Rentan. Jurnal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana, 10(1), 30–38.
Surwanti, A., & Purwaningsih, T. (2023). Participation of Persons with Disabilities in the Disaster Preparedness Program in Kepuharjo Village. EDP Sciences, 447(04001), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344704001
Tin, D., Cheng, L., Le, D., Hata, R., & Ciottone, G. (2024). Natural disasters: a comprehensive study using EMDAT database 1995–2022. Public Health, 226, 255–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.017
UNDRR. (2020). Anual Report 2020. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction.
Villeneuve, M., Abson, L., Pertiwi, P., & Moss, M. (2021). Applying a person-centred capability framework to inform targeted action on Disability Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 52(01). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101979
Krisanti, M. W. W., Prasetya, J. D., Cahyadi, T. A., & Maharani, Y. N. (2022). Analisis Peran dan Keterlibatan Penyandang Disabilitas dalam Pengurangan Risiko Bencana di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Lingkungan Kebumian Ke-IV, 1–8.
Yang, M., Fraser, S., & O’Sullivan, T. (2024). Recommendations to support pandemic resilience among persons with mobility disabilities. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.104147
Zakour, M. J. (2015). Effects of Support on Evacuation Preparedness of Persons with Disabilities. Journal of Social Work in Disability and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1536710X.2015.989561
Zhuo, Y., Luo, X., & Yi, T. (2024). The effectiveness of a disaster preparedness educational intervention for wheelchair users: A pilot study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 112(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104812.
