Aplikasi Metode Biologi Molekuler pada Model Embrio Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio) dalam Pengembangan Obat Kardiovaskular
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.57218/jkj.Vol5.Iss2.2698Kata Kunci:
biologi molekuler, embrio, ikan zebra, kardiovaskuler, pengembangan obatAbstrak
Penyakit kardiovaskular, seperti stroke dan jantung iskemik, tetap menjadi penyebab utama mortalitas global dengan beban biaya terapi yang tinggi. Kondisi ini mendorong pengembangan obat baru yang lebih efisien dan terjangkau menggunakan hewan uji. Embrio ikan zebra (Danio rerio) saat ini banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai model uji karena memiliki kemiripan genetik hingga 84% dengan gen penyakit manusia, tubuh yang transparan, serta efisiensi biaya. Review ini bertujuan mengulas aplikasi metode biologi molekuler pada model tersebut dalam riset kardiovaskular. Penelusuran sistematis dilakukan pada database MDPI, PubMed, Science Direct, dan Springer Link (2015–2025) menggunakan diagram PRISMA. Dari 5.680 artikel yang teridentifikasi, diperoleh 14 jurnal relevan sebagai sampel akhir yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan JBI Critical Appraisal Tools. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa teknik molekuler konvensional seperti immunostaining, PCR, dan western blotting, hingga teknologi mutakhir seperti CRISPR/Cas9 dan sistem transgenik, mampu mengevaluasi parameter kardiovaskular seperti remodeling jaringan, angiogenesis, dan jalur apoptosis kardiomiosit secara akurat dan cepat. Meskipun membutuhkan keterampilan khusus dalam penanganan sampel skala mikro, embrio ikan zebra merupakan alternatif menjanjikan untuk percepatan penemuan obat kardiovaskular baru di masa depan.
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